A reference to another text, person, or event is called?

• A. Allusion
• B. Allegory
• C. Metaphor
• D. Satire

Answer: (A)

The concept being tested is recognizing a reference to something outside the current work. An allusion is a brief, indirect reference to a person, place, event, or another text that the reader is expected to recognize. It doesn’t retell or explain the original material; it relies on shared cultural knowledge to add meaning or resonance to the moment.

This differs from an allegory, where the entire narrative and its characters stand in for broader ideas or moral truths. It’s also not a metaphor, which is a direct comparison within the text itself and not a nod to something outside. And it isn’t satire, which uses humor or irony to critique, often as a broader mode or genre, rather than as a simple external reference.

A classic allusion might be a line that hints at Napoleon’s defeat to evoke themes of hubris or downfall without recounting the historical event.